食酸菌属（学名：Acidovorax）为伯克氏菌目丛毛单胞菌科的一属好氧或兼性厌氧发酵型革兰氏阴性杆菌。直或略弯的杆状菌。此属的模式种为敏捷食酸菌(Acidovorax facilis)。

1、NEW Bing 的回答

根际微生物群落中的Acidovorax是一种革兰氏阴性的细菌属，属于拟杆菌门，广泛分布在土壤、水体和植物根际中。Acidovorax对植物有以下几种作用：

• 降解有机污染物。Acidovorax能够利用多种有机污染物作为碳源和能源，如多环芳烃、农药、染料等，从而减少这些物质对植物和环境的危害12。例如，Acidovorax sp. JS42能够降解土壤中的硝基苯，一种有毒的工业废水污染物3。
• 促进植物生长。Acidovorax能够产生一些激素和代谢物，如吲哚乙酸、葡萄糖酸、葡萄糖胺等，这些物质能够刺激植物的根系发育，增加植物的生物量和产量。例如，Acidovorax sp. RAC01能够促进水稻的生长。
• 抑制植物病原菌。Acidovorax能够产生一些抗菌物质，如抗生素、细菌素、酚类化合物等，这些物质能够抑制或杀死一些植物病原菌，如青枯病菌、软腐病菌、立枯丝核菌等，从而提高植物的抗病性 。例如，Acidovorax sp. CL1能够抑制黄瓜青枯病的发生。

综上所述，Acidovorax是一种对植物有益的根际微生物，它能够降解有机污染物、促进植物生长和抑制植物病原菌。

2、Chat GPT的回答

Acidovorax 是一类革兰氏阴性细菌，它们在根际微生物群落中可以发挥多种作用，通常被认为对植物具有积极的作用。以下是 Acidovorax 可能对植物产生的一些作用：

1. 有机物降解：一些 Acidovorax 物种具有分解有机物的能力，包括多环芳烃、有机废弃物和其他难降解的有机物。它们可以帮助分解有机物并提供植物所需的养分。

2. 氮循环：Acidovorax 细菌可以参与土壤中氮的硝化和反硝化过程，从而有助于提供植物所需的氮源。

3. 有益互惠关系：某些 Acidovorax 物种与植物根系建立共生关系，通过分泌溶解性有机物（如胞外聚合物和酶）来帮助植物吸收难溶解的矿物质养分，如铁和磷。

4. 抗生素生产：一些 Acidovorax 物种能够产生抗生素或抑制植物病原体的化合物，有助于保护植物免受根际病害的侵害。

5. 根际生态系统稳定性：Acidovorax 细菌是根际微生物群落中的一部分，与其他微生物相互作用，有助于维持根际微生物群落的多样性和稳定性。

需要注意的是，Acidovorax 物种的确切作用可能因物种和环境条件而异。不同的 Acidovorax 物种可能对植物产生不同的影响。因此，在研究和应用中，通常需要具体考虑 Acidovorax 物种的种类和其与植物的相互作用，以更好地理解其在特定生态系统中的角色。

3、Enrichments/Derichments of Root-Associated Bacteria Related to Plant Growth and Nutrition Caused by the Growth of an EPSPS-Transgenic Maize Line in the Field

During the past decades, the effects of the transgenic crops on soil microbial
communities have aroused widespread interest of scientists, which was mainly related
to the health and growth of plants. In this study, the maize root-associated bacterial
communities of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) transgenic
glyphosate-tolerant (GT) maize line CC-2 (CC2) and its recipient variety Zhengdan958
(Z958) were compared at the tasseling and flowering stages by high-throughput
sequencing of V3-V4 hypervariable regions of 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA) amplicons
via Illumina MiSeq. In addition, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was also performed
to analyze the nifH gene abundance between CC2 and Z958. Our results showed no
significant difference in alpha/beta diversity of root-associated bacterial communities
at the tasseling or flowering stage between CC2 and Z958 under field growth
conditions. The relative abundances of the genera Bradyrhizobium and Bacillus
including species B. cereus and B. muralis were significantly lower in the roots of
CC2 than that of Z985 under field conditions. Both these species are regarded as
plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB), as they belong to both nitrogen-fixing and
phosphate-solubilizing bacterial genera. The comparison of the relative abundance
of nitrogen-fixing/phosphate-solubilizing bacteria at the class, order or family levels
indicated that only one class Bacilli, one order Bacillales and one family Bacillaceae were
found to be significantly lower in the roots of CC2 than that of Z985. These bacteria were
also enriched in the roots and rhizospheric soil than in the surrounding soil at both two
stages.Furthermore, the class Betaproteobacteria, the order Burkholderiales, the family

Comamonadaceae, and the genus Acidovorax were significantly higher in the roots of
CC2 than that of Z985 at the tasseling stage, meanwhile the order Burkholderiales and

the family Comamonadaceae were also enriched in the roots than in the rhizospheric
soil at both stages. Additionally, the nifH gene abundance at the tasseling stage in the
rhizosphere soil also showed significant difference. The relative abundance of nifH gene
was higher in the root samples and lower in the surrounding soil, which implicated that
the roots of maize tend to be enriched in nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

在过去的几十年里，转基因作物对土壤微生物群落的影响引起了科学家们的广泛关注。这主要与植物的健康和生长有关。在这项研究中，摘要通过16S rRNA基因V3-V4高变区高通量测序，比较了转EPSPS耐草甘膦(GT)玉米系CC-2 (CC2)和受体品种郑丹958 (Z958)在抽雄期和开花期玉米根系细菌群落的差异。放大器通过Illumina MiSeq。同时，利用实时荧光定量PCR (qPCR)对CC2和Z958之间的nifH基因丰度进行分析。结果表明，在田间生长条件下，CC2和Z958在抽雄期和开花期根系相关细菌群落的alpha/beta多样性差异不显著。在田间条件下，CC2根中慢生根瘤菌属和芽孢杆菌属(B. cereus和B. muralis)的相对丰度显著低于Z985。这两种细菌被认为是植物促生长细菌(PGPB)，因为它们既属于固氮细菌，也属于溶磷细菌。在纲、目、科水平上比较固氮/溶磷细菌的相对丰度，CC2根中只有1纲、1目和1科细菌显著低于Z985根。根系和根际土壤中细菌的富集程度均高于周围土壤。此外，在抽雄期，CC2的根中Betaproteobacteria纲、Burkholderiales目、Comamonadaceae科和Acidovorax属的数量显著高于Z985，同时，Burkholderiales目和Comamonadaceae科在根际土壤中的富集程度也高于根际土壤。此外，抽雄期根际土壤中nifH基因丰度也存在显著差异。nifH基因的相对丰度在玉米根样品中较高，在周围土壤中较低，说明玉米根中有富集固氮细菌的倾向。