linux网络配置
linux网络配置工具有多种,比如ifconfig、ip、nmcli等。他们都可以进行网卡方面的配置,下面会分别介绍
1 ifconfig
ifconfig历史比较悠久,最早出现在unix系统上。
使用ifconfig命令,我们可以查看网卡(网络接口卡)信息,比如接口(interface)名称、mac地址、IP地址、子网、广播地址等。
查询所有网络接口
ifconfig -a
- ens33:网卡名称
- UP:接口已启用
- BROADCAST:主机支持广播
- RUNNING:表示接口在工作中
- MULTICAST:主机支持多播
- MTU 1500:最大传输单元1500字节
- inet:ipv4地址,netmask:子网掩码,broadcast:广播地址(广播地址什么意思?比如某个子网为192.168.3.0/24,则广播地址为192.168.3.255。当在这个子网中某节点需要将报文发送到所有节点时,目的地址可以使用广播地址)
- ether:表示连接类型为以太网
- 00:0c:29:cc:cf:d7:mac地址
- txqueuelen 1000:网卡传送队列长度
- RX packets :接受到的总包数
- RX bytes :接受到的总字节数
- RX errors :接收时,产生错误的数据包数
- RX dropped :接收时,丢弃的数据包数
- RX overruns :接收时,由于速度过快而丢失的数据包数
- RX frame (框架) :接收时,发生frame错误而丢失的数据包数
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig -a br-ed5a3cc94630: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.49.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.49.255 ether 02:42:0e:86:b4:69 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.3.148 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.3.255 inet6 fe80::9375:e7ad:e439:9325 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link> ether 00:0c:29:cc:cf:d7 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 119 bytes 17196 (16.7 KiB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 130 bytes 20125 (19.6 KiB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host> loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255 ether 52:54:00:1f:62:ea txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 virbr0-nic: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether 52:54:00:1f:62:ea txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 [root@localhost ~]#